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Weldwell Spectrum Ferrite Diagrams             Weldwell Spectrum- the Quarterly News Letter of Weldwell Speciality Pvt. Ltd., is dedicated to disseminate knowledge and information related to welding. It has covered a wide spectrum of topics during its existence over last 12 years.   Subjects covered in Weldwell Spectrum   Welding Processes / Equipments Safety in Welding Welding of Metal and Alloys Testing and Quality control Welding Consumables Welding Industries and Market Profile Weld Joint Design Monumental Welding Standards, Codes and Specifications Technical Cross Word Weld Failure and Case Study Miscellaneous       Ferrite Diagrams   Schaeffler Diagram WRC Diagram Delong Diagram                 Subjects covered in Weldwell Spectrum       Welding Processes / Equipments   MMA Welding - Present Status and Future Needs, Vol. 1, No. 4, Nov-Dec, 1994 GMA - Present Status and Future Needs, Vol. 2, No. 1, Jan-March, 1995 How Electric Power Supplies have Simplified Manual Welding, Vol. 2, No. 2, April-June, 1995 Troubleshooting MIG Process and Equipment, Vol. 3, No. 3, Oct-Dec, 1996 How to Calculate the Cost of Gas Metal Arc Welding, Vol. 4, No. 1, Jan-March, 1996 Tungsten Electrode Data Sheet, Vol. 6, No. 1, Jan-March, 1999 Calculation of Welding Electrode Consumption, Vol. 6, No. 2, April-June, 1999 AWS Designation for Welding Processes, Vol. 6, No. 2, April-June, 1999 Initiating a Welding Arc, Vol. 6, No. 4, Oct-Dec, 1999 Fusion Weld Discontinuities Cause and Remedies, Vol. 7, No. 2, April-June, 2000 Aiming Defect-free Welding by Proper Choice of Equipment, Vol. 7, No. 2, April-June, 2000 Electroslag Welding a Come Back in Bridge Construction, Vol. 7, No. 2, April-June, 2000 Inverter-based GTA Welding Machines, Vol. 7, No. 3, July-Sept, 2000 Troubleshooting of Welding Equipment, Vol. 7, No. 3, July-Sept, 2000 New Process: Flux Assisted GTAW Process, Vol. 7, No. 3, July-Sept, 2000 Basics of Automatic Welding, Vol. 7, No. 4, Oct-Dec, 2000 Weld Management from Desk to Desktop: Expanding Use of Computers in Welding, Vol. 7, No. 4, Oct-Dec, 2000 Advances in Pipeline Welding, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct-Dec, 2001 Solid Wire Girth Welding of High Strength Linepipe Steel, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct-Dec, 2001 Brazing - the Right Choice for Difficult Applications, Vol.9, No. 1, Jan-March, 2002 Ten Steps to Reducing Your Welding Costs, Vol.9, No. 1, Jan-March, 2002 How Polarity Affects Electrode Performance in Arc Welding, Vol.9, No. 3, July-Sept., 2002 New Development in Welding Equipments, Vol.9, No. 4, Sept.-Dec, 2002 Tower Automotive Inc. Makes Friction Stir Weld Suspension Link, Vol.9, No. 4, Sept.-Dec, 2002 Explosive Welding of Non-ferrous Welding to Ferrous Metals, Vol.10, No. 1, Jan-March, 2003 Joining of Nickel Base Super alloys Vol.10, No. 2, April-June, 2003 Hand Operated Laser Machines, Vol.10, No. 2, April-June, 2003 Purging of Pipe Joints, Vol.10, No. 2, April-June, 2003 Solidification and Liquation Cracking Issues in Welding, Vol.10, No. 3, July-Sept., 2003 Welding of Stainless Steel Type AISI 320, Vol.10, No. 4, Oct-Dec., 2003 Flexible Welding Enclosure, Vol.10, No. 4, Oct-Dec., 2003 Newer Technologies to Weld Alluminium Transport Industry, Vol.10, No. 4, Oct-Dec., 2003 Fundamentals of Choosing a Positioner, Vol.11, No. 2, July-Sept, 2004 Effect of Cable Length on Pulse MIG Welding, Vol.11, No. 2, July-Sept, 2004 Stainless Steel Special: Collection of Technical Advices of Dr. Damian J. Kotecki on Various Aspects of Welding of Stainless Steel, Vol.11, No. 4, Oct-Dec., 2004 Welding FAQ's, Vol.12, No. 1, Jan-June, 2005 Welding FAQs, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan. – March, 2005 Kempac MIG, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan. – March, 2005 Kempact Pulse 3000, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan. – March, 2005 Unconventional welding, Vol. 12, No. 2, April – June, 2005 Key hole plasma welding, Vol. 12, No. 3, July – Sept., 2005 Using Inverter Technology, Vol. 12, No. 3, July – Sept., 2005 MasterTig MLS – More power for alluminium welding, Vol. 12, No. 3, July – Sept., 2005 CUT STAR PF Series (Panasonic cutting Machines), Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct. – Dec., 2005 Exploring complementary cutting methods, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2006 Best practices for GMAW, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2006 Minarc TIG 180, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2006 Basics of Automation Welding, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. – March, 2007 Panasonic TAWERS Robotic Series, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. – March, 2007 More kick – for small Kemppi machines (Minarc 220), Vol. 14, No. 2, April – June, 2007 Tandem MIG process for increased production, Vol. 14, No. 3&4, July – Dec., 2007 Strategies for automating a welding job, Vol. 14, No. 3&4, July – Dec., 2007 Kemppi Beta 90X welding helmet, Vol. 14, No. 3&4, July – Dec., 2007 Plasma Cutting systems combine versatility with efficiency, Vol. 15, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2008 Welding of heat exchanger, Vol. 15, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2008 Hot-wire TIG : Not new but gaining appeal, Vol. 15, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2008 Kemppi delivers a new productivity solution for welding, Vol. 15, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2008 Strong but barely noticeable tacks ensure high-quality welds, Vol. 15, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2008 Maintaining your MIG guns, Vol. 15, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2008   Top     Welding of Metal and Alloys   Welding of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel, Vol. 6, No. 2, April-June, 1999 Stainless Steel and Their Welding Metallurgy, Vol. 6, No. 3, July-Sept, 1999 Help in Understanding Ferrite has Arrived, Vol. 2, No. 1, Jan-March, 1995 WRC-1992 Diagram, Vol. 4, No. 1, Jan-March, 1997 Duplex and Super duplex Stainless Steel and Their Welding, Vol. 5, No. 2, April-June, 1998 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Nickel Alloy, Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan-March, 1996 Fabrication of Inconel Alloy 625 LCF Sheet and Strip, Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan-March, 1996 Nickel Alloy in Pulp and Paper Industry, Vol. 7, No. 1, Jan-March, 2000 Nickel Based Electrode / Filler Wire for Dissimilar Metal Welding, Vol. 1, No. 2, April-July, 1994 Weld Alluminium to Steel or Copper with Care, Vol. 3, No. 2/3, July-Dec, 1997 Supermartensitic Stainless Steel: The Old "New Concept", Vol. 8, No. 3, July-Sept, 2001 Nicrofer Alloy, Vol. 8, No. 3, July-Sept, 2001 Strength of Pure Titanium Triple by Processing Methods, Vol.9, No. 1, Jan-March, 2002 Indian Steel for Auto Industry, Vol.9, No. 1, Jan-March, 2002 Selection of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, Vol.9, No. 2, April-June, 2002 Selection of Cast Stainless Steel, Vol.9, No. 3, July-Sept,, 2002 New Fire Resistant Engineering Steel, Vol.9, No. 3, July-Sept., 2002 New Titanium Alloy: Ti 9, Vol.9, No. 3, July-Sept., 2002 Resisting Petroleum Refinery Corrosion With Nickel Alloys, Vol.10, No. 2, April-June, 2003 Material Selection for Hydro treating Vol.10, No. 2, April-June, 2003 History and Application of Nickel, Vol.10, No. 2, April-June, 2003 Contribution of Special Metals to Nickel Alloy Development, Vol.10, No. 2, April-June, 2003 ABC of Steel Metallurgy, Vol.11, No. 1, Jan-June, 2004 Brazing of AISI 304L Stainless Steel, Vol.11, No. 1, Jan-June, 2004 Supermartensitic Stainless Steels - A Continuous Learning Curve, Vol.12, No. 1, Jan-June, 2005 Supermartensitic stainless steel on a continuous learning curve, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan. – March, 2005 A new nickel base alloy for resisting metal dusting attack, Vol. 12, No. 2, April – June, 2005 Welding of Cupro-Nickel, Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct. – Dec., 2005 AlluminiumQ & A, Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct. – Dec., 2005 Joining of cast iron to stainless steel, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2006 Welding of P92 Steel for power Generation industry, Vol. 14, No. 2, April – June, 2007   Top     Welding Consumables   Consumable Insert - Application and Background, Vol. 1, No. 3, Aug-Oct, 1994 ASTM Steel Filler Metal Selector Guide-Data Sheet, from Vol. 2, No. 2, April- June, 1995 to Vol. 6, No. 1, Jan-March, 1999 FCW - The Future Welding Consumable of Indian Fabrication Industry, Vol. 3, No. 3, Oct-Dec, 1996 Advances in Flux Cored Electrodes and its New Classification, Vol. 5, No. 3, Aug-Oct, 1994 Filler Metal Procurement Made Easy, Vol. 8, No. 3, July-Sept, 2001 High Strength 2.25 Cr-1 Mo-V Steel and Matching Filler Wire, Vol.9, No. 2, April-June, 2002 How to Select Welding Consumables - Welding of Off-shore Structures, Vol.10, No. 1, Jan-March, 2003 Revolutionary Ti-B Type Welding Consumables, Vol.10, No. 1, Jan-March, 2003 Nickel Alloy Welding Consumables, Vol.10, No. 2, April-June, 2003 Soft Solder, Vol.10, No. 3, July-Sept., 2003 Titanium Filler Metal Standard Revised, Vol.11, No. 1, Jan-June, 2004 Electrodes for Welding of 9% Nickel Steel, Vol.11, No. 2, July-Sept, 2004 Thoriated Tungsten Electrodes, Vol.11, No. 2, July-Sept, 2004 Development of Nickel and nickel alloys filler metal, Vol. 12, No. 2, April – June, 2005 Application of flux-cored wires for improved productivity in off-shore duplex pipe work, Vol. 13, No. 3&4, July – Dec., 2006 Storing Welding Electrode, Vol. 14, No. 2, April – June, 2007 How to choose electrode for joining high-strength steels, Vol. 14, No. 3&4, July – Dec., 2007 Usability of carbon steel flux cored electrodes, Vol. 15, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2008   Top     Weld Joint Design   V-Groove in Contact Tube Improves Wire Feeding, Vol. 3, No. 2/3, July - Dec, 1997 Joint Types for Brazing Alluminium and Alluminium Alloys Data Sheet, Vol. 5, No. 1, Jan - March, 1998 Joining Nickel Clad Steel Data Sheet, Vol. 5, No. 2, April - June, 1998 Root Pass Welding of Pipe Joints Using Consumables Inserts - Data Sheet, Vol. 1, No. 3, Aug - Oct, 1994 Joint Accessibility and Design with Cladding Data Sheet, Vol. 5, No. 4, Oct - Dec, 1998 Designing Alluminium Structures, Vol. 7, No. 1, Jan - March, 2000   Top     Standards, Codes and Specifications   Units and Symbols - Data Sheet, Vol. 1, No. 4, Nov-Dec, 1994 Specifying Welding Information by Symbols - Data Sheet, Vol. 2, No. 1, Jan-March, 1995 Revision in ASME Sec IX, Vol. 2, No. 3, July-Sept, 1995 Weld Symbols and Nomenclature, Vol. 4, No. 2/3, July-Dec, 1997 Glossary of Terms, from Vol. 4, No. 2/3, July-Dec, 1997 to Vol. 6, No. 1, Jan-March, 1999 Generic System for Designation of Welding Filler Metals, Vol. 5, No. 4, Oct-Dec, 1998 Unified Numbering System (UNS) for Metals and Alloys, Vol. 6, No. 2, April-June, 1999 Beginner's Guide for Preparation of Welding Procedure Specification, Vol. 6, No. 3, July-Sept, 1999 Designation of Alluminium and its Alloys, Vol. 7, No. 1, Jan-Sept, 2000 NEMA Power Source Requirements, Vol. 7, No. 3, July-Sept, 2000 Glossary of Terms in Automatic and Robotic Welding, Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan-March, 1996 AWS Filler Metal Specification by Material and Welding Process, Vol. 8, No. 3, July-Sept, 2001 Threshold Limits Values of Welding Fumes, Vol. 8, No. 3, July-Sept, 2001 Time to Take Stock-Special Report on International Standards-a US View Point, Vol. 8, No. 3, July-Sept, 2001 Role of Standards In Today's Society, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct-Dec, 2001 ISO and IIW Co-operate on Welding Standards, Vol.9, No. 1, Jan-March, 2002 AWS Establishes ISO Participation Fund, Vol.9, No. 1, Jan-March, 2002 Revision to AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Steel Enhance its Usability, Vol.9, No. 1, Jan-March, 2002 Understanding DIN Standards, Vol.9, No. 2, April-June, 2002 Code of Ethics for Engineers, Vol.9, No. 2, April-June, 2002 New Shielded Metal Arc Welding Electrode (AWS A5.1M:2003), Vol.10, No. 3, July-Sept., 2003 Use of Dual Classification in Stainless Steel Consumables, Vol.12, No. 1, Jan-June, 2005 Dual classification in stainless steel consumables, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan. – March, 2005 Revisions in AWS specifications (AWS A 5.20 & A5.29), Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. – March, 2007 AWS announces new Resistance Welding Standards, Vol. 14, No. 2, April – June, 2007 AWS adds two-run option for flux-electrode classification, Vol. 15, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2008   Top     Weld Failure and Case Study   Service Failure Analysis of SS304 Tube Failure in Brewery, Vol. 3, No. 2, July - Sept, 1996 Failure Analysis in SS in a Corrosive Medium, Vol. 1, No. 3, Aug - Oct, 1994 Elimination of Cracking of Welds and Distortion of Base Plate in Joining Monel 400 to Steel, Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan - March, 1996 Quadrupling Vessel Life, Vol. 3, No. 2/3, July - Dec, 1997 Use of Soluble Dam Paper, Vol. 5, No. 3, July - Sept, 1998 Sinking of Titanic - Faulty Rivets, Vol. 6, No. 3, July - Sept, 1999 Corrosion of Weldments, Vol. 8, No. 1, Jan - March, 2001 Case Study : Welding of 50:50 Type Material by EniCrMo - 1 Resistance Welding of Stainless Steel - A Case Study, Vol. 8, No. 3, July - Sept, 2001 Welding of Similar Stainless Steel With Different Sulphur Content - A Case Study, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct - Dec, 2001 Fire in Titanium Tube Bundles - A Case Study, Vol.9, No. 1, Jan - March, 2002 Repair Welding of a Pressure Vessel - A Case Study, Vol.9, No. 4, Sept. - Dec, 2002 Aircraft Accident Caused by Explosive Sabotage, Vol.10, No. 1, Jan - March, 2003 Failure of Reformer Tube Weld by Cracking, Vol.10, No. 2, April - June, 2003 EWI works with shipbuilding to reduce distortion in welded thin sheet panels, Vol. 14, No. 3&4, July – Dec., 2007 Trouble shooting in GTAW process, Vol. 14, No. 3&4, July – Dec., 2007 Welding Failure, Vol. 14, No. 3&4, July – Dec., 2007   Top     Safety in Welding   General Welding Safety Data Sheet, Vol. 1, No. 2, April-July, 1994 Welding Safety Check List, Vol. 6, No. 3, July-Sept, 1999 Health and Safety-Fumes and Gases, Vol. 6, No. 4, Oct-Dec, 1999 Safeguards for Handling Low Hydrogen SMAW Electrodes, Vol.9, No. 3, July-Sept., 2002 Tips to Avoid Neck Pain, Vol.10, No. 1, Jan-March, 2003 Weld Safely and in Comfort, Vol.10, No. 3, July-Sept., 2003 Revision of Safety in Welding Standard (ANSI Z49.1), Vol. 12, No. 2, April – June, 2005 Safety Apparel moves into the comfort zone, Vol. 14, No. 2, April – June, 2007 Safety and health fact sheet – Thoriated Tungsten electrode, Vol. 14, No. 3&4, July – Dec., 2007   Top     Testing & Quality Control   Quality and Evaluation of PWHR fuel element end cap weld joints by Ultrasonic Testing Technique, Vol. 2, No. 3 July-Sept., 1995 Assessing parent metal for welding, Vol. 3, No. 2 July-Sept., 1996 A Guild to liquid penetration testing, Vol. 4, No. 2/3 July-Dec., 1997 Quality Management System-ISO 9000-2000 Vol. 7, No.2, April-June, 2000 Distortion - A welders nightmare, Vol. 3, No. 2/3 July-Dec., 1995 The Larsen-Miller Parameter for creep, Vol. 6, No. 2 April-June, 1999 Testing Susceptibility of Intergranular Attack, Vol. 8, No. 1, Jan-March, 2001 A Wise Method for Assessing Arc Welding Performance and Quality, Vol. 8, No. 2, April-June, 2001 Eight Steps to a Successful Weld, Vol. 8, No. 2, April-June, 2001 Monitoring of Corrosion of Welds-Assessing the Corrosion Susceptibility of Carbon Steel Welds-Evaluating the Test Method, Vol. 8, No. 3, July-Sept, 2001 Lateral Expansion, Vol.9, No. 3, July-Sept., 2002 Porosity During Welding of Alluminium, Vol.9, No. 4, Sept.-Dec, 2002 Radiographic Examination, Vol.10, No. 1, Jan-March, 2003 Destructive Tests in Welding, Vol.10, No. 3, July-Sept., 2003 Polarity and weld quality in arc welding, Vol. 12, No. 2, April – June, 2005   Top     Welding Industries and Market Profile   An interview with Dr. Stan. A. David - Group Leader, Material Joining, ORNL, USA - Issue and Technology driving welding research, Vol. 2, No. 4 Oct - Dec., 1995 KOBE STEELS., Ltd. - an industry profile, Vol. 5, No. 2 April - June., 1998 Role of INCO in Nickel Alloy Development, Vol. 3, No. 3 July - Sept., 1997 Assessment - welding science and technology in India - Present status and strategies for the Millennium - Mr. S. Samidas Head WRI , Vol. 6, No. 4 Oct - Dec., 1999 An interview with Mr. A. Kakodkar, Director BARC, Mumbai, on the Welding Industry's Vision for the Future, Vol. 6, No. 4 Oct - Dec., 1999 Global Aspiration of Indian Fabricator - A dream or a pipe dream, Vol. 7, No. 4 Oct - Dec., 2000 LNG Projects in India, Vol. 6, No. 3 July - Sept., 1999 Investments in India in AlluminiumProjects, Vol. 7, No. 1 Jan - March., 2000 Forthcoming Oil Refineries, Vol. 7, No. 2, April - June., 2000 Survey of Welding Industries, Vol. 7, No. 3, July - Sept., 2000 Tie - ups in Welding Industry: Kobe Steel Ltd, Welding Company and Matsushita Welding Systems Co. Ltd, and Hitachi Via Mechanics and ESAB Asia Pacific Pvt. Ltd., Vol. 8, No. 3, July - Sept, 2001 Status of Power Projects 2001, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct - Dec, 2001 War Threat Shadow on India - Iran Gas Pipeline, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct - Dec, 2001 Future Plans of Kobe Steel, Ltd, - Views of Hiroo Shamada, Executive President, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct - Dec, 2001 TISCO in Tie - up With Nippon Steel, Vol.9, No. 1, Jan - March, 2002 Kawasaki Steel and Kobe Steel to Form Welding Alliance, Vol.9, No. 2, April - June, 2002 Nippon Steel, Arcelor Tie - up With TISCO, Vol.9, No. 2, April - June, 2002 North American Welding Steel Market, Vol.9, No. 2, April - June, 2002 Iran - India Pipeline, Vol.9, No. 3, July - Sept., 2002 World's Largest Consumer of Stainless Steels, Vol.9, No. 3, July - Sept., 2002 Steel Demand to Grow 5.6% till 2003, Vol.9, No. 3, July - Sept., 2002 Pipeline Projects 2002, Vol.9, No. 4, Sept. - Dec, 2002 World's Top Steel Makers, Vol.10, No. 2, April - June, 2003 Projected Stainless Steel Consumption in India, Vol.10, No. 2, April - June, 2003 World Steel Production - 2002, Vol.10, No. 4, Oct - Dec., 2003 India 's welding industry – no more in coma, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan. – March, 2005 Welding Forges into the Future, Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct. – Dec., 2005 Stainless Steel market year 2005-2006, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2006   Top     Monumental Welding   Largest LNG storage Tank, Vol. 3, No. 1 Jan - June, 1997 The Iron Pillar at Delhi - Forge Welded, Vol. 6, No. 4 Oct - Dec., 1999 Millennial Maitreya - Worlds Highest Statue, Vol. 7, No. 4 Oct - Dec., 2000 High Speed Trains, Vol. 8, No. 2, April - June, 2001 Material Scientist's Perspective of Collapse of the WTC, Vol.9, No. 2, April - June, 2002 Ancient Iron Making in India, Vol.9, No. 3, July - Sept., 2002 History of Welding, Vol.11, No. 1, Jan - June, 2004 Development in Welding Technology Illustrated on Postage Stamp, Vol.11, No. 2, July - Sept, 2004   Top     Technical Cross Word   Welding Processes, Vol. 6, No. 2 April - June., 1999 Inspection and Testing of Welds, Vol. 6, No. 3 July - Sept., 1999 Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steel, Vol. 6, No. 4 Oct - Dec., 1999 Welding Metallurgy, Vol. 7, No. 2 April - June, 2000 Welding Equipments, Vol. 7, No. 3 July - Sept., 2000 Welding Metals and Alloys, Vol. 7, No. 4 Oct - Dec., 2000 Corrosion, Vol. 8, No. 1, Jan - March, 2001   Top     Miscellaneous   Where have all the welders gone, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. – March, 2007 Welding : the misunderstood profession, Vol. 15, No. 1&2, Jan. – June, 2008   Top     Ferrite Diagrams   Ferrite is known to be very beneficial in reducing the tendency for cracking in weld metal. Ferrite Number is frequently used to determine the amount of ferrite present using chemical composition. The following diagrams helps to determine the same.         Schaeffler Diagram     Top     Delong Diagram     Top     WRC Diagram         Note : These conversions are excerpted from the relevant JIS and ASTM standards, which are based on the data of carbon steels. Therefore, weld metals may exhibit different conversions more or less particularly in the case of alloyed weld metals with higher hardness.   Top     Home | Company Profile | Products | Partners | Careers | Enquiry | Contact Us | Site Map © Copyright 2009, Weldwell Speciality Pvt. Ltd.